Thermal Insulation is the method used to help prevent or reduce the flow of heat. Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of differing temperature. Thermal insulation provides a means to maintain a gradient of temperature, by providing a region of insulation in which heat flow is reduced or thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed. Thermal insulations are materials that insulate the components of mechanical systems in commercial buildings and industrial processes. In buildings such as shopping centers, schools, hospitals, and hotels, mechanical insulations are installed to improve the energy consumption of the buildings'' cooling and heating systems, domestic hot and chilled water supply, and refrigerated systems including ducts and housings.